Fundamental Techniques - Import (R): htm2txt
htm2txt
Functionality:
Convert Html into Text.
Description:
Convert a html document to simple plain texts by removing all html tags. This package utilizes regular expressions to strip off html tags. It also offers gettxt() and browse() function, which enables you to get or browse texts at a certain web page.
Demonstration:
The input data is a html file and examples of html code.
At the end of this demonstration, you will what options should be specified in order to import data from website in R.
Function to test (default settings):
browse(URL, ...)
gettxt(URL, encoding = "UTF-8", ...)
htm2txt(htm, list = "\n• ", pagebreak = "\n\n----------\n\n")
Input file:
https://cydalytics.blogspot.com/
and some html codes
################## library(htm2txt) # ################## # scrape the text from the website text_gettxt = gettxt("https://cydalytics.blogspot.com/") str(text_gettxt)
## chr "Skip to main content\n\nSubscribe\n\nSubscribe to this blog\n\nFollow by Email\n\ncyda\n\nMenu\n\n• Home\n• Cyd"| __truncated__
# display the text from the website text_browse = browse("https://cydalytics.blogspot.com/")
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## Fundamental Techniques - Import (R): jsonlite
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## Package:
## jsonlite
## Functionality:
## Convert R objects to/from JSON
## Description:
## These functions are used to convert between JSON data and R objects. The toJSON and fromJSON functions use a class based mapping, which follows conventions outlined in this paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/1403.2805 (also available as vignette).
## Demonstration:
## The input data is a json file.
## At the end of this demonstration, you will what options should be specified in order to import json data in R.
## Function to test (default settings):
## fromJSON(txt, simplifyVector = TRUE, simplifyDataFrame = simplifyVector, simplifyMatrix = simplifyVector, flatten = FALSE, ...)
## Input file:
## https://api.github.com/users/hadley/repos
## ###################library(jsonlite)##################### read jsonjson_data=fromJSON("https://api.github.com/users/hadley/repos",flatten= T)
## head(json_data[,1:5]) ## id node_id name full_name private ## 1 40423928 MDEwOlJlcG9…
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str(text_browse)
## NULL
browse can only be used for displaying the plain text of a url. You cannot store the data in the displayed structure into R. Still, it is good for checking whether the scraped data is correct or not
# remove html tag text1 = htm2txt("<html><body>html texts</body></html>") text1
## [1] "html texts"
text2 = htm2txt(c("Hello<p>World", "Goodbye<br>Friends")) text2
## [1] "Hello\n\nWorld" "Goodbye\nFriends"
text3 = htm2txt("<p>Menu:</p><ul></li>Coffee</li><li>Tea</li></ul>", list = "\n- ") text3
## [1] "Menu:\n\nCoffee\n- Tea"
text4 = htm2txt("Page 1<hr>Page 2", pagebreak = "\n\n[NEW PAGE]\n\n") text4
## [1] "Page 1\n\n[NEW PAGE]\n\nPage 2"
Summary:
From the above examples, all the html markups and tags are removed and the outputs are stored in a string form. The original struture of the data is also kept. For exmaple, the order list structure of text3 can still be found but in the form of different rows with the expression, "\n". This imported data is very beautiful and good for using after some text preprocessing.
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